Are you having issues with your yeast bread baking? Troubleshooting help is here!
If you've read through Yeast Bread Baking part one and part two then congratulations! You really can bake a loaf of bread and have it come out properly — although you may need plenty of practice to achieve the perfect loaf. If you've carefully followed all of the steps in the previous two articles and it still had trouble then you should be able to find the answer in this article. If you can't then message me on the RestlessChipotle Facebook page and I will try to help you figure out what happened. If you'll dedicate yourself to trying, following the recipes exactly, and keeping open dialogue with me I promise you you'll end up with a fantastic loaf of bread.
Now... if you are baking yeast bread troubleshooting is one of those things you are going to need to know how to do eventually. Listen, everyone screws up sometimes. Once in awhile I get a loaf that looks like ... well just weird. So, bookmark this so you'll know where it is and can use it when you need a reference.
First - The Perfect Loaf
You can't make the perfect loaf unless you know what one is, right? As with everything else there is a standard by which good bread is judged. Will yours always meet the standard? No, it won't. Like any standard it is somewhat unachievable but you want to get as close as you can.
So, what does the perfect loaf of bread look and taste like?
This is from Farm Journal Country Fair Cookbook, 1975, one of my favorites.
An excellent loaf of yeast bread should havee an evenly rounded top and b symmetrical in size and with no cracks,bulges, or bumps. Between he tip and the sides, there should be a "break", which should be even and have a well shredded look. Crusts on all yeast breads should be crisp and tender. The interior color should be even with no light or dark streaks and should feel soft and fine with no crumblinesss. The crumb [interior of the bread] should have many small even holes.
Yeast Bread Baking Troubleshooting
If you've had a problem with your bread baking see if you can figure out what went wrong with these common problems and causes.
Dough Didn't Rise or it Rose Very Slowly
The best temperature for the rising period is a draft-free 85F to 95F. It will rise more slowly at lower temperatures probably won't rise at all if the room is much below 70F.
- You didn't give it enough time. When the kitchen is too cool it may take double the amount of time to rise.
- House too cold. If the house is too cold it won't rise at all.
- You killed the yeast with liquids that were too hot. Active Dry Yeast needs 110F to 115F. Rapid rise yeast uses 120f to 130F, and yeast cakes use 90F to 95F. Use a thermometer until you get used to the way the water should feel.
- You made the yeast dormant by water that was too cold.
- You used too much or too little sugar, honey, or other sweetener. Too much will inhibit the growth of the yeast while too little won't give it enough to allow it to rise. Always follow the recipe exactly, especially at first. Recipes are formulated for success - at least mine are!
- You used too much salt. Salt restricts the growth of yeast. Follow the recipe for when you add salt. I usually try to add it last but the tomato swirl bread recipe calls for it early on. Always follow the recipe!
- You didn't use enough yeast.
- Too much flour/ too stiff of a dough.
- Your yeast was expired or bad. Always proof it!
- You may have not used enough flour (this is unusual but it happens).
- Your rising period was too short.
- Kneading was insufficient to develop the gluten.
- Your pan was too big.
Sticky Dough
- Not enough flour.
- Too much kneading. Knead it until it is elastic but more is not necessarily better.
- Low gluten flour. Use bread flour or a good all purpose flour.
Cracks, Bulges, or Lumps
- You used too much yeast.
- It wasn't kneaded properly.
- You had too much dough in the pan.
- You left it to rise too long.
- You started it in a cold oven or the oven temperature wasn't hot enough.
- You let it cool in a cold draft.
No Shred or Break between the Top and the Sides
- Not kneaded enough.
- Low gluten flour
Too Much Shred or Break between Top and Sides
- Oven is too hot.
- Didn't rise long enough.
- Wasn't shaped well.
Flat Top
- Dough rose too long or wasn't kneaded enough.
Collapsed in the Oven
- Allowed to rise too much.
- Low gluten flour. Next time use bread flour or add gluten to your recipe.
- Oven was too cold.
Heavy or Dense Loaf
- Water was too hot and killed yeast.
- Ingredients weren't mixed well.
- Room temperature was too cold during rising time.
- Either there wasn't enough gluten present in the flour or it wasn't developed enough through sufficient kneading.
- Dough wasn't allowed to rise enough.
Holes in Bread
Holes are desirable in artisan loaves but not in sandwich loaves.
- Too long of a rising period after shaping.
- Too cool of an oven.
- Not enough flour.
- Not kneaded well.
- The air wasn't properly pressed out during the punching down.
- The shaping wasn't done properly.
Crumbly Bread
- Dough wasn't kneaded well (this is the most common reason).
- Flour doesn't have enough gluten.
- Too much flour.
- Too long of a rising time.
Gummy or Doughy Bread
- Oven temperature was too high.
- Bread was removed from the oven too soon. Make sure it sounds hollow when thumped on the bottom.
Off Flavors
- Yeasty - too long of a rising time or too hot of a kitchen during rising.
- Sour - too long of a rising period or poor quality ingredients.
- Stale flavor - Old flour.
Crust Problems
- Tough - too much handling of the dough or not enough rising time.
- Pale crust - too much salt, too low of a baking temperature, or too little sugar. Also, the dough may have been allowed to develop a crust during rising time. Remember to keep it oiled and covered!
- Wrinkled Crust - Loaf cooled too quickly in a draft.
- Soggy - bread was left to cool completely in the pan. Let it cool for a few minutes and then remove it from the pan to cool completely.
- Too Thick - too much flour, a crust formed during rising, bread baked too slowly in too cool of an oven.
- Crust Separates from Bread - dough developed a crust before baking. Grease surface and cover dough when rising.
Bread Doesn't Brown on the Sides
- Bright pans will reflect the heat away from the dough.
- Overcrowding the pans in the oven will keep the sides from browning.
If you are having trouble with yeast bread baking your problem is probably going to fit in one of these areas. If not, be sure to catch me on the Restless Chipotle Facebook page and ask there. You can do this!
Neil Ferchen
My bread always seem to come out dense and kind of heavy, Thank you for the tips! Do you think I should add some powered milk to the flour I am going to use to make doughnuts?
Marye
It wouldn't hurt. 🙂
Cindy
What is shred?
Marye
It's the lines that go down the sides of yeast bread when it's baked...where the top attaches to the sides. It's hard to explain - I'll try to get a picture next time I bake.
PYIE NYEIN HTOON
Hi! Good day. Marye ,we useing AMF machine for making buns (hamburger) on top some have small bubble come out .about glutin with water or not enough mixing ? please .Thanks.
Marye
I don't know what that is... but if bubbles are forming in the top you can just gently poke them to let the air out. It's may be from over kneading.
Marye Audet
Oh yes - use the test yeast and water by all means!
RACHEL GARST
I just love how these loaves turned out after following your tips and recipe! was amazed how light and fluffy it was, like eating homemade Wonderbread! this is worth teaching to my kiddos! thanks so much for sharing and explaining!
Marye Audet
Im so glad it worked for you, Rachel!! Enjoy!
Tiffany Bonk
I just made your buttermilk bread and it was a huge hit. I have two questions. First it came out slightly over cooked. I mean just the tiniest bit but if I had left it in the pan as suggested it would have burnt. It was also just a single loaf. Next time for a single loaf should I adjust the temp or time? Also would using all purpose flour make a big difference vs bread flour? Thank you!!!
Marye Audet
You may want to turn down the oven to a lower temp - 350 or 375 - some people have better luck with that.. It won't have quite the nice rise or texture if you use all purpose.
jeff
hi Mayre, thank you for sharing your knowledge in this blog. I like to ask you about the flour with high protein in bread flours vs all purpose flour . Is it true that bread flours with high protein will have a chewier crust /thicker than flours with lower one? i like thinner crust , very very thin with a crispy one. I have tried the Vietnamese Bahn Mee baguette and i noticed the crust was flaky and cracks on top its surface and they were crispy. How do i make that flaky cracks on top the loaf surface and its still crispy with crackling sound even when it already cooled long time ago.Thanks Marye
Marye Audet
I don't think it has to do with the flour so much as it has to do with using water as a liquid rather than milk or other dairy. You'll want to bake the bread at a higher heat for a shorter period of time - and you can add 2 or 3 cups of ice to the bottom of the oven to create steam. Those crusts usually take a specialized oven that most home cooks don't have.
Bonita Miller
i was making brown bread and its not raising like it used to
Marye Audet
Remove 2 tablespoons of whole grain flour and replace with 2 tablespoons gluten flour in every cup of whole grain flour. Make sure it's being kneaded thoroughly.
Kristen
I love your website and have enjoyed your recipes and helpful tips! I'm not sure this is a bad thing, but thought I'd check with a pro-- I proof my dough in my oven with a makeshift proofing setup (I turn it on for a couple minutes and then off when I start mixing and then place a Pyrex w ~3 cups boiling water in the bottom of my oven). I am finding my dough doubles in size in half the time listed. When I pull it out and punch (I really punch and give a couple kneads) down/form my loaves it is risen and ready to bake in 10-15 minutes.
Thanks again!!
Marye Audet
Perfect! That's brilliant. 🙂
skye fillmore
I found your website today on Pinterest and have spent a better part of the day (while working lol) looking through your bread recipes and the bread guides. LOVE IT!!! So I am sort of new to stand mixer bread ... I have been using a bread machine for several years and now branching out to using my stand mixer. I love it but I do have one question. When I put the damp tea towel on top of the bread for it to rise, and then when I try to remove the tea towel from the dough after it rises, it sticks to it and I have to rip it off. I have not been 'greasing' the dough when putting it in a bowl first- If I do this (I Noticed you do this), will that stop the tea towel from sticking? (I went out and bought real deal tea towels b/c a friend told me they do not stick as much). Or should I put some flour on the top of the dough where the towel will be hitting it once it rises?
Marye Audet
Yep, you need to oil that dough before you let it rise. It shouldn't stick at all to your tea towel.:) Don't put the flour on top ... just oil the ball of dough really well.
Loy W eathers
Marye, Will the amish bread recipe work with white low-carb bread flour ?
Marye Audet
I don't know but I don't think so. If it has gluten in it maybe? If you do it let me know!!!
Jean Luby
Where would one get fresh yeast? I've tried health food stores no luck. It is still widely used in Europe and is best but has shorter life. It makes the best yeast dough!! Many Thanks, Jean
Marye Audet
Jean, one in awhile I see it in the refrigerator section of the health food store but I haven't seen it in a regular grocery in years.
Sheri
I just realised that I was shy a teaspoon of yeast in my honey buttermilk loaf. I forgot that 1 packet = 2 1/4 teaspoons! Is there any way to save this batch? Will double or triple the rising time help? I feel such a dingbat!
Marye Audet
Sheri It should be fine. When a recipe calls for a packet I just use a tablespoon - easier to remember!
Katherine Newsome
Thank you I have figure out what was going wrong with my bread. It would have high and low spots to were it looked like a rustic type bread. I now take my rolling pin and roll it out, and then I roll it up into a loaf shape. I have also learned from you the differences on flours. I was using bread flour and had also use unbleached all purpose flours before and my loaves would rise up nicely. I had switched to a bleach all purpose flour and my breads would look terrible, so I went back to my old flours that I had used before and now have really great loaves of bread once again. Other than for the craters in it yet lol. I have also tried making whole wheat bread and had a lot more success at making them. I had Hemp seeds, Flax seed and a little extra bran to it. My husband loves it. I also use potato flakes and powder milk and it works wonderful for a very healthy loaf of bread. Again Thanks.